GET Journal of Biosecurity and One Health (2024)

Susceptibility Patterns of Multiple Antibiotic- Resistant Bacteria from Wound and Urine Samples to the Extract of Spondias mombin (Linn)

Authors: *1Okiti AF; 2Oladunmoye MK and 3Ogundare AO

GET Journal of Biosecurity and One Health (2024) 3(1) 22-34.

Article Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Spondias mombin; Bio-active compounds.

DOI

Journal Volume & Issue

Volume 3, Issue 1

GET JOURNAL OF BIOSECURITY AND ONE HEALTH

Volume 1, No. 4, 2022

Pages 34-40

Ebola Survivors are not at Increased Risk for Gynecologic Surgeries

Gorpudolo-Dennis N1; Kennedy SB2*; Reilly C3 and Sankoh M1

1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Redemption Hospital, New Kru Town, Montserrado County, Monrovia, Liberia.

2UL-PIRE Africa Center, An Infectious Disease Research Center, Ground Floor, Graduate School Building, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia.

3Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

*Corresponding Author: Stephen B. Kennedy, MD, MPH, UL-PIRE Africa Center, An Infectious Disease Research Center
Ground Floor, Graduate School Building, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia. Tel: +231 770 645 830

Orchid No: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-930X

ABSTRACT

As the result of multiple signs and symptoms, and complications observed among survivors of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), there is an assumption that survivors might experience perturbations within their clotting parameters. This may eventually lead to increased bleeding time, predisposing them to increased risk for surgical complications. This study aimed to comparatively review specific intra-operative parameters such as uterine fibroids and polyps among a number of EVD survivors and non survivors undergoing elective gynecologic surgeries at Redemption Hospital, a tertiary specialized referral hospital located within one of the EVD hotspots, in Liberia from January to October 2016. A case-control study was conducted wherein cases were referred from the Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL), an EVD clinical trial platform, while controls were sampled from the general patient population, at Redemption Hospital. The controls were matched based on age, employment status and parity. All surgeries were performed by single surgeon based on a surgical checklist that included designated intra- and post-operative parameters. Statistical analysis such as counts, percentiles, confidence intervals and relative risks were performed to assess the differences between the cases and controls, respectively. Survivors were between the ages of 42 years and 44 years for controls with an average interval between discharge from the Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) and surgical intervention of greater than one year. The median duration of surgical procedure was 60 minutes and blood loss of 250 ml in both groups. Besides the relative risks (RR) of receiving antibiotics for more than 3 days of 1.5 (85.7% vs. 57.1%) and hospitalization of more than 7 days of 0.25 (14% vs. 57%) for survivors as compared to controls, most of the indicators were not significantly different. The findings revealed that EVD survivors who present with benign tumors such as uterine fibroids, polyps, or adenomyosis, requiring elective uterine surgery such as myomectomy and/or hysterectomy are generally not at increased risk of surgical complications because most of the indicators (hospitalization, blood loss, antibiotics, etc.) were not significantly different between the two groups. Findings from this study may potentially revise the approaches used by gynecologists and general surgeons during encounters and/or interventions with patient(s) concerning emerging infectious diseases (EIDs).

Keywords: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs), Ebola Survivors, Uterine Surgery, Females, Liberia

Abstract

This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of Spondias mombin L. against multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from wound and urine samples of patients attending five (5) selected hospitals in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of 313 bacterial isolates were recovered from 353 samples of wound and urine using standard bacteriological procedures, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus being the most predominant in urine and wound samples, respectively. The methanolic extract of S. mombin was the most effective against wound isolates, while the aqueous extract was the most effective against urine isolates. The results showed that the methanol extract of S. mombin had a zone of inhibition of 24.00±0.00, 30.67±0.33 and 19.33±0.33 mm respectively, against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa at 100 mg/ml. The aqueous extract had a zone of inhibition of 24.67±0.33, 27.33±0.33, 18.67±0.33, 24.67±0.33, 23.67±0.33, 21.33±0.33 and 21.67±0.33 mm against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, S. aureus, S. saprophyticus and Trichomonas vaginalis respectively, at 100 mg/ml. The phytochemical constituents of the extracts include alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids and tannins. These compounds may be responsible for the antibacterial activity of S. mombin against the multiple antibiotic- resistant bacterial isolates. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of S. mombin as an alternative treatment for multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria from wound and urine.