GET Journal of Biosecurity and One Health (2024)

Spatial Monthly Distribution of Malaria Parasite and Anopheles Mosquitoes in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

Authors: *1Eke SS; 2Omalu ICJ; 2Olayemi IK; 3Egwim EC; 4Hassan SC;
5Shoge MO; 2Hadijah UY; and 6Otuu CA.*

GET Journal of Biosecurity and One Health (2024) 3(1) 1-11.

Article Keywords: Pyrethroid; Anopheles; Predominance; Minna; Niger State

DOI

https://doi.org/10.36108/GJOBOH/2202.10.0210

Journal Volume & Issue

Volume 3, Issue 1

GET JOURNAL OF BIOSECURITY AND ONE HEALTH

Volume 1, No. 4, 2022

Pages 34-40

Ebola Survivors are not at Increased Risk for Gynecologic Surgeries

Gorpudolo-Dennis N1; Kennedy SB2*; Reilly C3 and Sankoh M1

1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Redemption Hospital, New Kru Town, Montserrado County, Monrovia, Liberia.

2UL-PIRE Africa Center, An Infectious Disease Research Center, Ground Floor, Graduate School Building, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia.

3Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

*Corresponding Author: Stephen B. Kennedy, MD, MPH, UL-PIRE Africa Center, An Infectious Disease Research Center
Ground Floor, Graduate School Building, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia. Tel: +231 770 645 830

Orchid No: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-930X

ABSTRACT

As the result of multiple signs and symptoms, and complications observed among survivors of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), there is an assumption that survivors might experience perturbations within their clotting parameters. This may eventually lead to increased bleeding time, predisposing them to increased risk for surgical complications. This study aimed to comparatively review specific intra-operative parameters such as uterine fibroids and polyps among a number of EVD survivors and non survivors undergoing elective gynecologic surgeries at Redemption Hospital, a tertiary specialized referral hospital located within one of the EVD hotspots, in Liberia from January to October 2016. A case-control study was conducted wherein cases were referred from the Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL), an EVD clinical trial platform, while controls were sampled from the general patient population, at Redemption Hospital. The controls were matched based on age, employment status and parity. All surgeries were performed by single surgeon based on a surgical checklist that included designated intra- and post-operative parameters. Statistical analysis such as counts, percentiles, confidence intervals and relative risks were performed to assess the differences between the cases and controls, respectively. Survivors were between the ages of 42 years and 44 years for controls with an average interval between discharge from the Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) and surgical intervention of greater than one year. The median duration of surgical procedure was 60 minutes and blood loss of 250 ml in both groups. Besides the relative risks (RR) of receiving antibiotics for more than 3 days of 1.5 (85.7% vs. 57.1%) and hospitalization of more than 7 days of 0.25 (14% vs. 57%) for survivors as compared to controls, most of the indicators were not significantly different. The findings revealed that EVD survivors who present with benign tumors such as uterine fibroids, polyps, or adenomyosis, requiring elective uterine surgery such as myomectomy and/or hysterectomy are generally not at increased risk of surgical complications because most of the indicators (hospitalization, blood loss, antibiotics, etc.) were not significantly different between the two groups. Findings from this study may potentially revise the approaches used by gynecologists and general surgeons during encounters and/or interventions with patient(s) concerning emerging infectious diseases (EIDs).

Keywords: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs), Ebola Survivors, Uterine Surgery, Females, Liberia

Abstract

Malaria is a life-threatening mosquito-borne tropical disease that continues to pose public health challenges in Nigeria. This study was conducted to evaluate the spatial monthly and seasonal distribution of Anopheles mosquito in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Mosquitoes were sampled using the Pyrethroid Spray Catch (PSC) technique and were identified morphologically using keys. A total of 3303 (100%) mosquito vectors were captured between June 2016 and May 2017. The total number of mosquitoes captured comprised, 791(23.95%) Anopheline and 2512(76.05%) Culicine. The highest number of mosquito vectors were captured in May 2017 with 528(15.99%) followed by 453(13.71%) in August 2016, while the least of 78(2.36%) were captured in November 2016 (P<0.05). Out of the 791(23.95%) Anopheles mosquitoes captured, the highest being 233 (44.13%) was recorded in May 2017. Seven (7) species of female Anopheles mosquitoes were encountered during the study period, namely: Anopheles gambiae (53.22%), Anopheles funestus (18.46%), Anopheles squamosus (4.55%), Anopheles moucheti (5.07%), Anopheles coustani (9.23%), Anopheles nili (7.21%) and Anopheles pharoensis (2.28%). This study revealed a high distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes in the study areas. The results of this study would be useful in planning an effective site-specific malaria vector control, as it highlights the need to give special consideration to the predominance of a single malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae in Minna, Niger State.